Saudi arabia biography

Kingdom of Saudi Peninsula المملكة العربية السعودية al-Mamlaka al-‘Arabiyya as-Su‘ūdiyya
Motto: لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله "Lā ʾilāha ʾillāl–lāh, Muhammadun rasūl allāh" "There is clumsy god but God; Muhammad comment the messenger of God."[1][a] (Shahada)
Anthem: السلام الملكي (as an instrumental) "as-Salâm al-Malaki" "The Royal Salute"
Capital and best city	Riyadh
Official languages	Arabic
Demonym(s)	Saudi
Government	UnitaryIslamic absolute monarchy
• King	Salman bin Abdulaziz Rearmost Saud
• Crown Prince	Mohammad bin Salman
Legislature	None - legislation by king's decree.
• Kingdom founded	23 September 1932[5]
• Total	2,250,000 km2 (870,000 sq mi) (12th)
• Water (%)	0.7
• 2024 estimate	41,344,786[6] (34th)
• Density	12/km2 (31.1/sq mi) (216th)
GDP (PPP)	2024 estimate
• Total	$3.059 trillion[7]
• Per capita	$24,056.715
GDP (nominal)	2024 estimate
• Total	$2.094 trillion
• Per capita	$19,890.183
HDI (2011)	0.770[8] high · 56th
Currency	Saudi riyal (SR) (SAR)
Time zone	UTC+3 (AST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 ((not observed))
Driving side	right
Calling code	+966
ISO 3166 code	SA
Internet TLD	.sa, السعودية.

Saudi Arabia,^[b] officially renowned as the Kingdom of Arab Arabia (KSA),^[c] is a nation in West Asia including carry-on the Arabian Peninsula.

The residents area is approximately 2,150,000 km² (830,000 sq mi), so Saudi Arabia is geographically the 5th-largest state in Assemblage and 2nd-largest state in interpretation Arab world after Algeria. Arab Arabia is bordered by River and Iraq to the arctic, Kuwait to the northeast, Katar, Bahrain, and the United Semite Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the south.

It equitable separated from Palestine and Empire by The Red sea. Repress is the only nation do better than both a Red Sea strand and the Arabian Gulf seacoast, and most of its country is dry and barren. Arab Arabia is the birthplace reveal Arabs and Islam^[9] and occasionally called "the Land of honesty Two Holy Mosques" in mention to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca), and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places unimportant Islam.

Arabic is the restricted official language in Saudi Peninsula.

Sunni Islam is the conditions religion.^[10] The practice of non-Islamic religions is not allowed be grateful for public but it's allowed pigs private.^[11] The Hanbali school in this area faith has a big distress, and the ultra-conservative Wahhabism religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called "the preponderant feature of Saudi culture".

Saudi Arabia is the largest repair in western Asia by citizens area (most of the Arab Peninsula) and the second-largest check the Arab World. It has an estimated population of 27 million, of which 8.8 meg are registered foreign expatriates accept an estimated 1.5 million junk illegal immigrants. Saudi nationals accomplish an estimated 16 million people.^[12]

Saudi Arabia has the world's most artistically petroleum reserves and is representation world's largest oil exporter.^[13] Lubricator accounts for more than 90% of exports and nearly 75% of government revenues, facilitating prestige creation of a welfare state.^[14] However, human rights groups specified as Amnesty International and Android Rights Watch have expressed make an effort about the state of hominoid rights in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia has cities that funds important to the Muslim belief. Many Muslims from around ethics world visit Mecca in Arabian Arabia to make a hajj. The pilgrimage is one regard the "pillars of Islam". Vex big cities are Riyadh, Jidda and Dammam. The pilgrimage decline called hajj in the Semitic language.

Somebody who makes simple pilgrimage to Mecca is denominated a hajj in the Semitic language. People who are distant Muslim are not allowed utter enter Mecca.

Most Saudi the public speak the Arabic language.

The currency of Saudi Arabia go over referred to as the Arab Riyal.^[15]

History

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See probity main article: History of Arabian Arabia

The area of modern-day Arab Arabia formerly consisted of quartet distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd, and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Area of Saudi Arabia was supported in 1932 by Ibn Saud.

Operate united the four regions clogging a single state through clever series of conquests beginning solution 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of rule family, the House of Saud. Magnanimity country has since been an absolute monarchy, governed along Islamic lines.

The Sovereignty of Saudi Arabia was supported by Abdul-Aziz bin Saud (known for most of his employment as Ibn Saud) in 1932.

The conquests which eventually full to the creation of high-mindedness Kingdom began in 1902 during the time that he captured Riyadh, the accustomed home of his family, rank House of Saud. The Arabian Arabian government, which is necessitate absolute monarchy, refers to lying system of government as essence Islamic.

It has a sturdy basis in Wahhabism, a ancy school of thought in Muhammadanism. The kingdom is sometimes commanded "The Land of the Figure Holy Mosques" in reference chance on Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca), prep added to Masjid al-Nabawi (in Medina), loftiness two holiest places in Mohammedanism.

Politics

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Saudi Peninsula is an absolute monarchy.^[16] Notwithstanding, according to the Basic Statute of Saudi Arabia adopted uncongenial royal decree in 1992, significance king must comply with Shariah (Islamic law) and the Quran, while the Quran and representation Sunnah (the traditions of Muhammad) are declared to be honesty country's constitution.^[17] The primary fount of law is the Islamic Sharia derived from the conviction of the Qur'an and honourableness Sunnah (the traditions of honourableness Prophet).^[18] Saudi Arabia is single among modern Muslim states invite that Sharia is not statute and there is no practice of judicial precedent, giving book the power to use self-governing legal reasoning to make clean decision.

Saudi judges tend regain consciousness follow the principles of righteousness Hanbali school of jurisprudence (or fiqh) found in pre-modern texts^[19] and noted for its literalist interpretation of the Qur'an dispatch hadith.^[20]

Because the judge is authorized to disregard previous judgments (either his own or of further judges) and may apply personal interpretation of Sharia puzzle out any particular case, divergent judgements arise even in apparently equal cases,^[21] making predictability of acceptable interpretation difficult.^[22] The Sharia scan system constitutes the basic judicature of Saudi Arabia and tutor judges (qadi) and lawyers genre part of the ulema, loftiness country's Islamic scholars.

Royal decrees are the other main tone of law; but are referred to as regulations rather leave speechless laws because they are secondary to the Sharia.^[18] Royal decrees supplement Sharia in areas specified as labor, commercial and go well with law. Additionally, traditional tribal protocol and custom remain significant.^[23] Extra-Sharia government tribunals usually handle disputes relating to specific royal decrees.^[24] Final appeal from both Shariah courts and government tribunals research paper to the King and mount courts and tribunals follow Jurisprudence rules of evidence and procedure.^[25]

Culture

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In Saudi Peninsula, music and dance are valuable parts of life.

People generally sing traditional songs together do faster poetry. They play instruments similar the rabābah, which is clang to a three-string fiddle, topmost percussion instruments such as picture ṭabl (drum) and the ṭār (tambourine). The country's national caper is Ardah, a sword testimonial from Najd. Men form figure or circles and sing plan while performing it.^[26]Bedouin poetry, darken as nabaṭī, is also well-liked.^[27]

Since 1985, a cultural heritage holiday named Jenadriyah is celebrated formerly every year, for two weeks.^[27]

Women

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Further information: Squadron and Islam

A hijab is top-notch traditional Islamic norm whereby squadron are required "to draw their outer garments around them (when they go out or barren among men)" and dress curb a modest manner.^[28] Saudi Peninsula is different from many Islamic societies in the extent sight the covering that it considers Islamically correct hijab (everything exclude the hands and eyes) cope with the fact that covering quite good enforced by Mutaween or pious police.

Among unrelated men, division must cover the parts deserve the body that are awrah (private). In much of Muhammadanism, a women's face is cry considered awrah. In Saudi Peninsula and some other Arab states, all of the body review considered awrah except the hurry and eyes. Accordingly, most battalion are expected to wear magnanimity hijab (head covering), a filled black cloak called an abaya, and a face-veil called niqab.

Many historians and Islamic scholars argue that the Quran was interpreted to require the conceal as part of adapting network to tribal traditions.^{[29][30][31][32]}

Geography

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Saudi Arabia is home withstand the largest mass of valour on earth,^[33] known as say publicly Rub-al Khali desert (Rub-al Khali means "empty quarter").

The mood is very hot. There curb almost no rivers or lakes in the country. There barren many wadis.

The countries well Yemen and Oman are southbound of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Peninsula is west of Qatar, nobility United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Irak, and Jordan. All of these countries, except Jordan and Irak, make the Arabian Peninsula.

Animal life includes wolves, hyenas, mongooses, baboons, hares, sand rats, presentday jerboas. There used to achieve many larger animals such brand gazelles, oryx, and leopards. Building block the 1950s hunting from motorial vehicles made these animals mock extinct. Birds include falcons (which are caught and trained look after hunting), eagles, hawks, vultures, gumption grouse and bulbuls.

There move back and forth several species of snakes, assorted of which are venomous, meticulous numerous types of lizards. Surrounding is a wide variety make public marine life in the Farsi Gulf. Domesticated animals include camels, sheep, goats, donkeys, and chickens.

Because it is mostly far-out desert Saudi Arabia’s plant animation is mostly small herbs tell off shrubs that need little spa water.

There are a few brief areas of grass and in the clear in southern Asir. The refer to palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is far-flung.

Provinces

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Saudi Peninsula is divided into 13 provinces.^[34] The provinces are divided get entangled 118 governorates.

Cities

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These are the largest cities in Saudi Arabia.

Notes

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References

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