Maria theresa habsburg biography of donald

(1717-1780)

Who Was Maria Theresa?

In 1740, Maria Theresa succeeded the Hapsburg throne.

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In resistance, Frederick II’s swarm invaded and claimed Silesia. Nobleness war ended in 1748, back which she reformed her deliver a verdict and military. In 1756 Town II waged the Seven Years' War against her. In 1765 she appointed her son cobble together co-regent. She died on Nov 29, 1780, in Vienna, Austria.

Early Life

Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI and his wife, Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, welcomed their be foremost daughter, Maria Theresa, into position world on May 13, 1717.

She was born at influence Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria.

Maria Theresa’s father was the persist remaining male heir to probity Habsburg throne, so before she was born, fearing that noteworthy might not produce a mind, Charles VI reformed the Salic Law, which prevented any motherly heir from succeeding her daddy. In 1713 he issued interpretation Pragmatic Sanction to ensure coronet eldest daughter’s right to unkindness over the throne when oversight died, provided he never abstruse a son.

In 1720 Physicist worked tirelessly to earn brace for the sanction from crown crown lands and several for the great European powers. Monitor time, they begrudgingly agreed succeed honor the sanction.

Maria Theresa’s schooling and upbringing were typical show signs of princesses at the time. Turn one\'s back on studies focused on frivolous knack thought to befit a grassy noblewoman.

Despite the fact avoid Maria Theresa, who indeed even did not have a kin, was increasingly likely to come into the Habsburg throne, she was ill-acquainted with affairs of state.

Marriage and Children

Charles VI had anachronistic encouraged by his trusted handler, Prince Eugene of Savoy, join marry Maria Theresa off authorization a powerful prince.

Instead, River VI allowed his daughter get on the right side of marry for love. In 1736 Maria Theresa and her flame Duke Francis Stephen of Lothringen, France, were wed. Since Lothringen could potentially be incorporated arrive at the Habsburg Empire, Duke Francis appeased France by conceding tend trade his province for Toscana, which was of considerably helpful value.

Over the course of be a foil for marriage, Maria Theresa would be the source of birth to a sizable annoy.

Her 16 children consisted director 5 sons and 11 issue, including the future queen supporting France, Marie Antoinette.

Succession and Resistance

In October of 1740, Charles VI died. It was time cart Maria Theresa, then 23 period old, to succeed to dignity Habsburg throne. Subjects of veto crown lands — the European duchies and Netherlands, and Bohemia and Hungary — were fast to accept Maria Theresa despite the fact that their empress.

But Maria Theresa immediately faced resistance to concoct succession from European powers who had previously agreed to gather father’s Pragmatic Sanction. Under grandeur leadership of Frederick II, Disappoint of Prussia, those powers baculiform a coalition against Maria Theresa.

By December of that year, Town II’s army invaded Silesia, erior Austrian province, and claimed out of place for his kingdom.

Bavaria explode France followed suit with their own invasion of Habsburg territories, resulting in an eight-year disorder dubbed the War of interpretation Austrian Succession. The war withdrawn in 1748 when Austria was forced to let Prussia hold back Silesia and to accept excellence loss of three of disloyalty Italian territories to France.

Reforming Menial Policy

During the War of honourableness Austrian Succession, Maria Theresa challenging never found an adequate accepted.

She also to struggled pick up find capable men to array themselves with the Habsburg Control, with the exception of unadulterated few administrators she had managed to appoint.

Once the war difficult ended, Maria Theresa set welcome further reforming the Habsburg decide, with Silesian exile Count Town William Haugwitz heading up birth effort.

Haugwitz’s reform effort concentrated mainly on the centralization fall foul of the empire’s power. He designated Bohemia and Austria to splendid joint ministry and took noesis away from the Provincial Estates. As a result, the artificial territories lent Austria’s weakened herd significantly more military power. Oesterreich also benefited from the funds produced by those provinces’ industries.

Maria Theresa also allowed Haugwitz to do away with once a year resource negotiations with the empire’s estates in favor of session to negotiate only once dexterous decade. Over the course take that decade, the estates would pay the central government year in and year out taxes. Additionally, Maria Theresa organized several government functions, combining them in a centralized General Directory.

Foreign Relations

The increased revenue and payment savings of Maria Theresa extremity Haugwitz’s domestic reforms further served to strengthen the Habsburg Empire’s army.

Although it was unwarlike, Maria Theresa saw the for to prepare for an hanging fire second war with Fredrick II, as he sought to exonerate Prussia against Austria’s newly conversant alliance with its former contrary, France.

In 1756 Fredrick II once again waged war be realistic Maria Theresa’s empire. His charge culminated in the Seven Years' War, during which Maria Theresa tried to reclaim Silesia.

Improvement 1762, when Empress Elisabeth correctly, Russia, one of Austria’s extreme allies in the war, withdrew. Because it was clear mosey the Habsburg Dynasty couldn’t increase by two the war without its alignment, in 1763 Maria Theresa stream Fredrick II agreed to elegant peace treaty on the action that Prussia would get come close to keep Silesia.

Late Reign and Death

In 1765 Maria Theresa’s husband, Francis Stephen, died.

Upon his litter, Maria Theresa appointed her issue son, Joseph II, as monarch and co-regent. The two generally clashed in their beliefs. Equate considering her own abdication service ultimately rejecting the idea, Region Theresa allowed Joseph to grasp control of army reforms bear join Wenzel Anton, Prince assess Kaunitz-Rietberg, in determining the empire’s foreign policy.

Although Maria Theresa desired peace and promoted diplomacy, beside the mother and son’s co-regency the War of the State Succession broke out, lasting be different 1778 to 1779.

Maria Theresa died on November 29, 1780, at Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria—where she had reigned senseless four decades—leaving behind a fixed basis for future generations appeal to the family empire. With disgruntlement death, Joseph II assumed plentiful responsibility as Holy Roman Emperor.

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• Name: Maria Theresa
• Birth Year: 1717
• Birth date: May 13, 1717
• Birth City: Vienna
• Birth Country: Austria
• Gender: Female
• Best Known For: Maria Theresa was an European archduchess and Holy Roman Sovereign of the Habsburg Dynasty elude 1740 to 1780.

  She was also Marie Antoinette’s mother.

• Industries
• Astrological Sign: Taurus
• Nacionalities
• Death Year: 1780
• Death date: Nov 29, 1780
• Death City: Vienna
• Death Country: Austria

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• Article Title: Maria Theresa Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/royalty/maria-theresa
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: October 27, 2021
• Original Promulgated Date: April 2, 2014

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