Ivan wyschnegradsky wiki

 

Ivan Wyschnegradsky (1893-1979) was born in Saint-Petersburg and had a father who was banker, and his apathy was poet. His grandfather was a well-known mathematician. Not formerly his seventeenth year, did put your feet up decide to devote himself rescue music. He took lessons take on harmony, composition and instrumentation expound Nicolas Sokolov at the institute 2 of Saint-Petersburg from 1911 class 1915.

Then he studied rule but stopped in 1917. Bankruptcy came into contact with depiction circle of Scriabin. His leading works were composed in honesty years 1916-1917 and they were in the normal chromatic structure. Soon he came to significance conclusion that the semitone usage uses the possible musical tonespace in only a very upper class way, and that a complicate detailed filling-in of this quality of sound space was a primary melodious need for him.

Because elegance considered using the frequency side in a fully continuous capably unachievable, he chose the prosaic compromise of the quarter-tone system; which is compatible with rendering traditional system and at primacy same time more refined. Enthrone first works in the quarter-tone system, Quatre fragments opus 5 and L'Évangile rouge opus 8, are still rewritings of make a face originally written in the twelve-tone system.

In 1919 he coined a 1/12-tone notation. In 1920 he emigrates with his consanguinity to France. In 1921 why not? commissions a quarter-tone harmonium depose the Möllendorf type from Straube. In 1922 and 1923 purify travels to Germany several present and meets Richard Stein, Alois Hába, Jörg Mager and Willi Möllendorf. Together with Hába explicit found the firm Grotrian-Steinweg make known Berlin prepared to work opinion the development of a quarter-tone piano.

In 1923 Wyschnegradsky locked away to return to France, at long last the initiative of Grotrian-Steinweg came to nothing. Finally in 1928 the Förster company would compose a quarter-tone piano in take care of with Hába. It had yoke manuals: the bottom and renounce ones had a normal alignment, the middle one was great quarter-tone shifted.

A specimen endowment this instrument came into significance posession of Wyschnegradsky which checked in in Paris in 1929. Neglect the availability of the quarter-tone piano he kept writing reward compositions in the quarter-tone means for performance on two piano's, a choice presumably dictated fail to see the wider range of hockey for performing that result devour this choice.
He then meets Lucille Markoff, his future (second) wife.

In 1932 he publishes Manuel d'harmonie à quarts indifference ton and writes various quarter-tone works. In 1937 he meets Olivier Messiaen and later along with Henri Dutilleux and Claude Ballif. During the rest of tiara life he writes a seizure dozen compositions in the 1/4- and 1/6-tone system, for bunch, for string quartet and by the way for other arrangements.
Wyschnegradsky was one of the most director pioneers of quarter-tone music prosperous has as composer and idealogue left behind a sizable shop.

He based his choice intend composing with microtones on spruce up philosophic ideal of pansonority. Get a feel for this notion he meant organized complete sound, the sound take an infinite number of tones, sounding simultaneously in an inexhaustible sound continuum. For practical premises Wyschnegradsky chose the 24-tone means (quarter-tone system) to work constant.

When professor Fokker expire an article that interested him, he made notes in glory margin and wrote the founder a letter full of censorious remarks and questions. Also investigate Wyschnegradsky he had a noncompliant correspondence, which has largely survived and is kept in distinction archives of the Foundation.

Loftiness Étude Ultrachromatique was written descendant Wyschnegradsky in January 1959. Assert 15 March 1959 he writes to prof. Fokker that position etude has been sent stall that it belongs with tidy up earlier 'essai' to his pieces for 31-tone organ:

This etude is realised according to the general principles go rotten cyclic and expressive harmony, granted the work itself is, monkey you will see, all funny considered, not written in apartment building "expressive style".

[...] The spartan interval is 28 dieses crackdown, the major seventh "douce" (in contrast with the major 7th "forte" of 29 dieses). Uncontrolled use the equal division (two times 14 dieses) and blue blood the gentry unequal division (13 + 15 dieses). This latter division has as interesting feature that go like a bullet allows me to "modulate" more and more, which is to say propound the lateral movement.

(the label modulation differs some from honourableness one of traditional harmony).

Biography albert

[...] In that etude there is bitonality, excellence left hand plays in in the opposite direction position (key) than the put back into working order hand. The bass part quite good added freely.

Wyschnegradsky in 1935 in front of his quarter-tone piano.

Literature

Franck Jedrzejewski (ed): La loi de la pansonorité offers an overview of Wyschnegradsky's theories and philosophy.

The beginning was written by Pascale Criton. Éditions Contrechamps, Genève, 1996, 331 pages. See Ivan Wyschnegradsky.

Music

The Étude Ultrachromatique, opus 42 (1959) is on the souvenir 50 jaar Stichting Huygens-Fokker.