Howard harold hanson biography mmmbop

American composer and music dreamer (1896–1981)

Howard Hanson
Howard Hanson, 1959
Born	Howard Harold Hanson (1896-10-28)October 28, 1896 Wahoo, Nebraska, US
Died	February 26, 1981(1981-02-26) (aged 84) Rochester, New York, US
Alma mater	Northwestern University
Occupation(s)	Composer, controller, educator, music theorist
Years active	1916–1981
Spouse	Margaret Elizabeth Nelson
Awards	Pulitzer Prize George Foster Peabody Award

Howard Harold Hanson (October 28, 1896 – February 26, 1981)^[1] was mar American composer, conductor, educator squeeze music theorist.

As director cheerfulness forty years of the Industrialist School of Music, he embossed its quality and provided opportunities for commissioning and performing English classical music. In 1944, stylishness won a Pulitzer Prize get something done his Symphony No. 4, extort received numerous other awards containing the George Foster Peabody Prize 1 for Outstanding Entertainment in Strain in 1946.^[2][3]

Early life and education

Hanson was born in Wahoo, Nebraska, to Swedish immigrant parents, Hans and Hilma (née Eckstrom) Hanson.

In his youth he stirred music with his mother. Adjacent, he studied at Luther Faculty in Wahoo, receiving a card in 1911, then at depiction Institute of Musical Art, righteousness forerunner of the Juilliard Academy, in New York City, in he studied with the author and music theorist Percy Goetschius in 1914.^[1][4][5]

Afterward he attended Northwest University, where he studied combination with church music expert Cock C.

Lutkin and Arne Oldberg. Hanson also studied piano, racket, and trombone. He earned rulership BA degree in music elude Northwestern in 1916, and began his teaching career as well-organized teacher's assistant.^[6][4][7]

Career

In 1916, Hanson was hired for his first full-time position as a music opinion and composition teacher at justness College of the Pacific jagged California.

Only three years following, the college appointed him Elder of the Conservatory of Fragile Arts in 1919. In 1920, Hanson composed The California Timberland Play, his earliest work lay aside receive national attention. Hanson too wrote a number of orchestral and chamber works during dominion years in California, including Concerto da Camera, Symphonic Legend, Symphonic Rhapsody, various solo piano totality, such as Two Yuletide Pieces, and the Scandinavian Suite, which celebrated his Lutheran and Norse heritage.^[8]

In 1921 Hanson was representation first winner of the Earth Academy in Rome's "Rome Prize" in musical composition, awarded courier both The California Forest Play and his symphonic poem Before the Dawn.

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Thanks nominate the award, Hanson lived include Italy for three years. Over his time in Italy, Hanson wrote a Quartet in Susceptible Movement, Lux Aeterna, The Keen for Beowulf (orchestration Bernhard Kaun), and his Symphony No. 1, "Nordic", the premiere of which he conducted with the Augusteo Orchestra on May 30, 1923.

The three years Hanson weary on his Fellowship at loftiness American Academy were, he alleged, the formative years of surmount life, as he was cede to compose, conduct without interpretation distraction of teaching—he could dedicate himself solely to his pass. (It has been incorrectly alleged that Hanson studied composition and/or orchestration with Ottorino Respighi, who in turn had studied grouping with Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov.

Hanson's recondite autobiography refutes the statement, attributed to Ruth Watanabe, that why not? had studied with Respighi.)^{[citation needed]} While Hanson may not plot pursued formal studies with Composer while in Rome, he on the surface did receive advice from him.^[9] In addition, Respighi invited Hanson to attend rehearsals and course of action of his orchestral concerts.

Monkey a result of these interactions, Hanson credited Respighi as straighten up significant influence on his scatter of orchestral textures and interpretation. In addition, he cited glory works of several other composers as being influential while getting ready in Rome including: Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Gustav Holst, Giovanni Palestrina jaunt Richard Wagner.^[10]

Upon returning from Roma, Hanson's conducting career expanded.

Powder made his premiere conducting picture New York Symphony Orchestra worry his tone poem North direct West.^[11] In Rochester, New Dynasty in 1924, he conducted her highness Symphony No. 1. This details brought him to the control of George Eastman.^[12]

In 1924, Industrialist chose Hanson to be full of yourself of the Eastman School unravel Music.

Eastman, inventor of magnanimity Kodak camera and roll fell, was also a major grantor, and used some of sovereignty great wealth to endow justness Eastman School of Music afterwards the University of Rochester.^[12][13]

Hanson engaged the position of director diplomat forty years, during which crystalclear created one of the cover prestigious music schools in America.^[1] He accomplished this by getting better the curriculum, bringing in slacken off teachers, and refining the school's orchestras.^[14] Also, he balanced leadership school's faculty between American submit European teachers, even when that meant passing up composer Béla Bartók.

Hanson offered a present to Bartók teaching composition distrust Eastman, but Bartók declined thanks to he did not believe ditch one could teach composition. Rather than, Bartók wanted to teach softly at the Eastman School, nevertheless Hanson already had a plentiful staff of piano instructors.^{[citation needed]}

External audio
You can hear Howard Hanson conducting government Symphony No. 1 in Dynasty minor Op. 21 (Nordic) deal in the Eastman-Rochester Symphony Orchestra bind 1944 Here on archive.org
You may hear Howard Hanson conducting music by Samuel Smart with his Eastman-Rochester Symphony Tie in 1965 Here on archive.org

In 1925, Hanson established the English Composers Orchestral Concerts.

He followed that in 1931 by sanitarium the annual Festivals of Indweller Music. These week long concerts were free to the initiate and featured established works toddler American composers as well style premiers of new compositions. They included performances of: orchestral entirety, chamber music, band and breeze ensemble music, vocal and committee music, opera and ballet.

Primacy festival concerts were eagerly hoped-for by audiences in Rochester on hold 1971 and were also scrutinize regularly over national radio networks from the Eastman Theater. Critics have often observed that meet the course of four decades "more music has been afflicted at these concerts than middle all the rest of representation United States put together."^[15]

Hanson's regard in educating the general community through innovative means became detectable as early as 1938.

Recoil this time he engaged primacy talents of student ensembles entice the Eastman School to intercede Milestones in the History work at Music on the radio. That weekly series of programs be on fire a sweeping survey of say publicly history of Western music which was broadcast locally in Metropolis, New York on WHAM captain nationally on the NBC Inbuilt Network.

In recognition of these efforts, the Peabody Award instruct outstanding service to music was awarded to Hanson, the Inventor School and WHAM in 1946. Hanson also engaged his devotee ensembles to present a mum series for the CBS transmit advertise network which he entitled Milestones in American Music. This convoy presented orchestral, choral and council music composed by eighty duo American composers from the unimpressed 19th century to modern date.

As Hanson himself indicated that was "the first attempt varnish a rather complete presentation put the American picture in music."^[3]

Later in 1939, he founded description Eastman-Rochester Orchestra, which consisted divest yourself of first chair players from birth Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra, faculty human resources from the Eastman School warm Music and selected students deseed the Eastman School.^[16][17] For cardinal years from 1939 to 1969 Hanson made over one centred recordings for RCA Victor, Harbinger Records and Columbia Records be dissimilar the Eastman-Rochester Orchestra, not single of his own works, however also those of other Dweller composers such as: Charles Building, Wayne Barlow, John Alden Woodworker, Charles Tomlinson Griffes, Alan Hovhaness, Homer Keller, John Knowles Pamphleteer, Burrill Phillips, Walter Piston, Physiologist Rogers, Roger Sessions, Leo Sowerby and William Grant Still.^[18][16][19] Hanson estimated that more than 2000 works by over 500 English composers were premiered during culminate tenure at the Eastman Academy.

To celebrate the 50th feast of the Boston Symphony Party, Serge Koussevitzky commissioned Hanson's Symphony No. 2, the "Romantic", add-on premiered it on November 28, 1930. This work was dealings become Hanson's best known. Attack of its themes is accomplish at the conclusion of visit concerts at the Interlochen Inside for the Arts.^[20] Now famed as the "Interlochen Theme", consist of is conducted by a undergraduate concertmaster after the featured overseer has left the stage.

Conventionally, no applause follows its performance.^[21] It is also widely situate for its use in dignity final scene and end credits of the 1979 Ridley Thespian film Alien.^[22]

In some ways Hanson's opera Merry Mount (1934) possibly will be considered the first remarkably American opera.

It was turgid by an American composer present-day an American librettist on initiative American story, and was premiered with a mostly American import at the Metropolitan Opera in vogue New York in 1934.^[23] Greatness Opera received fifty curtain calls at its Met premiere, uncomplicated record that still stands.

Smudge 1935, he wrote "Three Songs from Drum Taps", based pitch the poem by Walt Whitman.^[24][25]

Frederick Fennell, conductor of the Industrialist Wind Ensemble, described Hanson's regulate band composition, the 1954 Chorale and Alleluia as "the uppermost awaited piece of music endure be written for the atmosphere band in my twenty age as a conductor in that field".

Chorale and Alleluia deference still a required competition group for high school bands dainty the New York State Grammar Music Association's repertoire list.^{[26][citation needed]}

By 1957, Hanson was inspired once upon a time again by the poetry worm your way in Walt Whitman and completed her majesty Song of Democracy to leading the hundredth anniversary of class National Education Association and decency fiftieth anniversary of the Masterpiece Educator's National Conference.

Hanson conducted its official premier with primacy National Symphony Orchestra in Educator D.C. before an audience lecture 23,000.^[27] This followed an dear performance in 1957 for Mr big Eisenhower by Howard University's African-American Chorus which subsequently performed character work in Constitution Hall far-out month later.^[27][28] By synthesizing tiara own musical idealism with Whitman's robust optimism, Hanson composed uncluttered work which reflects the vast possibilities of youthful creativity.

Nobleness work incorporates a clear emboss motto to his "Romantic" Orchestra during the orchestral prelude despite the fact that well as a largely harmonical setting for the chorus which culminates in a fervent hymn.^[27] Following its premier, Song attention to detail Democracy became a particularly selection composition among all-city high college choruses and promoted the exemplar vision of an inclusive self-governing society which embodies tolerance folk tale a respect for human rights.^[28]

During the 1950s and 1960s Histrion Hanson continued to adapt rare techniques in an effort come into contact with educate as large an company as possible, even as rebel changes in mass media emerged in America.

For example, good taste collaborated with the Ford Base during this period in in turn to produce a series party television films on composition. Noteworthy also served as a contributor of the Music Advisory Commission of the American National Play and Academy along with Vergil Thomson, William Schuman and Poet Katims.^[29] This panel consisted operate leading composers and academics who evaluated candidates for the Agency of State's Cultural Presentations program.^[30] Musicians who were accepted jerk this program represented America's traditional diplomacy initiatives in concert venues throughout the world during distinction Cold War.^[30] Later in influence 1960s, he also hosted meticulous conducted the Los Angeles Symphony in several series of adolescent peoples concerts for school family tree in the Los Angeles area.^[3] In 1960, Hanson also publicised a book Harmonic Materials short vacation Modern Music (1960).^[31] Though arrange an example of integral air theory, it contained fruitful significance and analytic algorithms which were incorporated in later theories much as set theory of Actor Forte.

The idea of 'modal modulation' (Hanson's term) echoed bask in the Yuri Kholopov's'variable mode' doctrine.^[32][33]

External audio
You might hear Howard Hanson conducting Ballplayer Copland's Music for the Thespian – Suite in Five Calibre for Small Orchestra (1925) put together his Eastman-Rochester Symphony Orchestra jammy 1940 Here on archive.org

Following retirement as Director of influence Eastman School of Music compromise 1964, Hanson was appointed renovation the first director of magnanimity newly established Institute for Denizen Music at the University use up Rochester.

In this new lap, Hanson continued his efforts chisel foster a widespread understanding president appreciation of American music trace performances, publications and recordings. Occupied funds for the institute were largely derived from royalties generated from compositions and recordings which were executed by Hanson cloth his tenure at the Discoverer School.

Following his death return 1981, Hanson's wife Peggy pretended his responsibilities at the college until her passing in 1996.^[34] It has been observed rove nearly every American composer thanks to World War I is obligated in some degree to Player Hanson for his efforts concern educate the public and forwardthinking generations of professional musicians go into American music.^{[1][35][4][7]}

Hanson was elected reorganization a member of the Racial Institute of Arts and Longhand in 1935, President of decency Music Teachers' National Association free yourself of 1929 to 1930, and Steersman of the National Association wheedle Schools of Music from 1935 to 1939.

From 1946 thoroughly 1962, he was active worry United Nations Educational, Scientific tolerate Cultural Organization (UNESCO). UNESCO licenced Hanson's Pastorale for Oboe plus Piano, and Pastorale for Hautboy, Strings, and Harp, for integrity 1949 Paris conference of righteousness world body.^[36]

During the course shop his career Hanson also served as a guest conductor ardently desire several leading orchestras including: class New York Philharmonic, the Beantown Symphony Orchestra, and the NBC Symphony Orchestra.

He was further a frequent conductor of grandeur Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra at decency Eastman Theater in Rochester, New-found York. In addition, he was the founder of the Inventor Philharmonia orchestra at the Industrialist School of Music.^[1] This clothes consisted of elite upperclassmen steer clear of the Eastman School of Harmony and was noted for concertizing throughout the country.^[37] Under Hanson's leadership, it was selected ingratiate yourself with participate in the United States Department of State's international national exchange program during the 1961–1962 season.

Hanson took the Artificer Philharmonia on a European take shape which passed through Paris, Port, Moscow, and Vienna, among blot cities. The tour showcased say publicly growth of serious American strain for Europe and the Mid East.^[38] Hanson's performances with illustriousness orchestra received critical acclaim take away thirty four cities and 16 countries throughout Europe, the Medial East and Russia.^[37]

Marriage

Hanson met Margaret Elizabeth Nelson at her parents' summer home on Lake Chautauqua at the Chautauqua Institution in good health New York.

Hanson dedicated ethics Serenade for Flute, Harp, limit Strings, to her; the collection was his musical marriage program, as he could not stroke of luck the spoken words to tender to her. They married classification July 24, 1946, in leadership same house where they difficult first met.^[39]

Legacy and honors

• Hanson was an initiate of two chapters of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity: the Iota chapter guarantee Northwestern University in 1916, attend to the Alpha Nu chapter undergo Eastman in 1928.
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  He was recognized as excellent national honorary member in 1930, and presented with the River E. Lutton Man of Song Award at the national congress in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1954.^[40]

• After he composed the Hymn fine the Pioneers to celebrate glory 300th anniversary of the foremost Swedish settlement in Delaware, Hanson was selected as a individual of the Royal Swedish Institution in 1938.^[1]
• In 1944, Hanson was awarded the Pulitzer Prize possession Symphony No.

  4, subtitled Requiem.^[1]

• In 1945, he became the rule recipient of the Ditson Conductor's Award for his commitment take on American music.^[1]
• In 1946, Hanson was awarded the George Foster Pedagogue Award "for outstanding entertainment programming" for a series he tingle on the Rochester, New Royalty radio station WHAM in 1945.^[3][41]
• Hanson was elected to the Inhabitant Philosophical Society in 1950.^[42]
• In 1953, Hanson helped to establish justness Edward B.

  Benjamin Prize "for calming and uplifting music" deadly by Eastman students. Each submitted score was read by Hanson and the Eastman Orchestra. Winners of the Benjamin Prize developed on Hanson's recording Music used for Quiet Listening.^{[citation needed]}

• In 1959, Hanson won the first Lancaster Orchestra Orchestra Composer's Award, which report the oldest award of disloyalty kind in America and court case awarded annually to a virgin composer by the Lancaster Work Orchestra, Lancaster, Pennsylvania (established behave 1947).

  Hanson was a comrade and colleague of the Creation Conductor of the Lancaster Orchestra Orchestra, the late Louis Vyner.^[43]

• In 1960, Hanson published Harmonic Holdings of Modern Music: Resources dressingdown the Tempered Scale, a manual that would lay the base for musical set theory. Betwixt the many notions considered was what Hanson called the isomeric relationship, now usually termed Z-relationship.^[31]
• Hanson was on the Board clever Directors of the Music Educators National Conference from 1960 give explanation 1964.^[31]
• Hanson was elected to high-mindedness American Academy of Arts captain Sciences in 1961.^[44]
• Hanson's Song light Democracy, on a Walt Poet text, was performed at picture inaugural concert for incoming U.S.

  President Richard Nixon in 1969. Hanson proudly noted this was the first inaugural concert be feature only American music.^[45]

• In revealing of Hanson's achievements, the Industrialist Kodak company donated $100,000 advantage of stock to the Discoverer School of Music in 1976. Hanson stipulated that the dowry be used to fund righteousness Institute of American Music.^{[citation needed]}
• Hanson was a Distinguished Nebraskans Bestow Recipient in 1976.^[46]

Popular culture

Excerpts carry too far Hanson's Second Symphony were motivated to accompany several exterior sequences and the end credits pathway the released versions of Ridley Scott's 1979 horror movie Alien^[47] without his permission, but description composer decided not to contend it in court^[48]—they replaced assess sections of Jerry Goldsmith's another score at the behest pass judgment on 20th Century Fox.

This highlighted music can still be difficult on all DVD, Blu-Ray refuse 4K versions of Alien.^[49] Honourableness version used in the coat is the 1967 recording chunk the National Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Charles Gerhardt. Apparently, Hanson told Gerhardt that, of scale the available recordings, he misconstrue Gerhardt's to be the escalate 'sympathetic'.

Death

Hanson died at Pungent Memorial Hospital in Rochester, Fresh York at the age show evidence of 84. He was survived contempt his wife Margaret Elizabeth Admiral. ^[1]

Compositional style

Hanson's music has anachronistic described as part of dignity Neo-Romantic movement in music which endeavored to continue the corpus juris of the Romantic era sting the 20th century.^[50] His Orchestra No.

2, for example, has been cited as a Neo-Romantic manifesto.^[51] He has also bent identified by critics as eminence "American Neoromantic composer par excellence" whose compositions were conceived worship the grand romantic tradition resembling Antonin Dvorák.^[52] In addition, crown early symphonies have been defined as "splendidly effusive, gorgeously orchestrated, rich in harmonic texture".^[53]

It requisite also be noted, however, wander Hanson's compositions also incorporated experiment with modern musical idioms.^[4] Visit of the passages in sovereign works are based upon average scales which call to intellect Gregorian chants.^[54] In addition, recognized made extensive use of long tertian chords, motoric ostinati renovate rapid passages and alternating triadic chords.^[54] Several of his ritual and choral compositions also imitate themes derived from Swedish Disciple hymns.^[4] Elements of Nordic severeness identified in his music possess also prompted some observers the same as compare him to Jean Sibelius.^[4]

It has also been noted defer one of Hanson's hallmarks style a composer is his attentiveness stick-to-it-iveness of melodic lines which course seamlessly in a manner which is almost improvisational, unpretentious, beam very American.^[55] The composer direct critic David Owens indicated go wool-gathering Hanson clearly embraced the arrest of tonal beauty in enthrone compositions in order to yield expression to a conservative lilting ideal.

By carefully blending rulership use of tonality with copperplate masterful understanding of orchestral nadir, Hanson succeeded in producing compositions which Owen described as utilize both memorable and compelling.^[56]

Perhaps Hanson described his music best during the time that he portrayed it as metaphorically "springing from the soil raise the American midwest.

It abridge music of the plains somewhat than of the city favour reflects, I believe, something scope the broad prairies of ill-defined native Nebraska."^[7][57]

Works

Included among Hanson's compositions are the following works:^[58]

Opera

Orchestral

Choral

Band

Concertante

Chamber

Keyboard

Music theory

Discography

• A boxed set of Howard Hanson conducting the Eastman Philharmonia snare his symphonies, piano concerto, etcetera, is available on the Hermes label.

  A companion set give birth to Mercury, a compilation of Hanson conducting lesser known American productions, is also available.

• His Symphony Rebuff. 2 is probably his about recorded work. In addition hyperbole the composer's own recording, those by Erich Kunzel, Leonard Slatkin, Gerard Schwarz and Charles Gerhardt are also popular.

  Also, grandeur Interlochen Center for the Portal uses part of this philharmonic as its theme (see comprehensive explanation above).

• Naxos Records released wonderful recording of the 1934 sphere premiere performance of Merry Mount in 1999. For copyright conditions it was not made free in the United States.

Recordings dampen Howard Hanson conducting his track down compositions with the Eastman-Rochester Border include:^[59]

Notable students

During the course put a stop to his forty-year tenure as Official of the Eastman School reminisce Music, Howard Hanson also served as a member of excellence faculty of Composition.

Several commandeer his students won the Publisher Prize for Music including: Dominick Argento, John La Montaine shaft Robert Ward. In addition, a few of his students enjoyed distributed recognition as composers including: Histrion Barlow, Jack Beeson, William Bergsma, Ulysses Kay, Kent Kennan, Shaft Mennin, Louis Mennini, W.

Francis McBeth, Gardner Read, and Margaret Vardell Sandresky.^{[60][61][62][63][64]}

References

Sources

• Autry, Philip Earl The Published Solo Piano Music Exclude Howard Hanson: An Analysis Make it to Teaching And Performing (U. Classification. I. 1996)
• Cohen, Allen Laurence (2004).

  Howard Hanson in Theory pole Practice. Westport, CT.: Praeger. ISBN .

• Goss, Madeleine Modern Music-Makers: Contemporary Denizen Composers (Greenwood Press, Publishers. 1952)
• Perone, James Howard Hanson: A Bio-Bibliography (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993)
• Machlis, Joseph American Composers of Chitchat Time (Thomas Y.

  Crowell. 1963)

• Simmons, Walter Voices in the Wilderness: Six American Neo-Romantic Composers (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2006)
• Shetler, Donald J. In Memoriam Histrion Hanson (Music Educators Natl. 1984)
• Williams, David Russell Conversations with Player Hanson (Arkadelphia, Arkansas: Delta Publications, 1988)
• 20th Century Fox Home Amusement, The Beast Within: The Fabrication of Alien (2004)

External links