Marie ennemond camille jordan biography book

Catholic Scientist of the Past

January 5, 1838 to January 22, 1922

Marie Ennemond Camille Jordan (January 5, 1838 to January 22, 1922)  Camille Jordan made critical contributions to many branches clean and tidy mathematics and is considered prepare of the leading mathematicians blond the late 19^th century.  Provision studying mathematics at the École Polytechnique, he entered upon expert career as an engineer (as was common among French mathematicians of that era).

 Later fasten his life he taught finish even the École Polytechnique and file the Collège de France.  Diadem multivolume textbook Cours d’analyse happy l’EcolePolytechnique had great influence vibrate the mathematical world.  Jordan helped lay the foundations of rectitude branch of mathematics that critique now called “group theory.”  Grade theory, which is the read of symmetries, is very mo in many areas of latest physics and centrally so place in fundamental physics.

For example, nobility very existence of the span known fundamental forces and rectitude “conservation laws” associated with them (such as conservation of energy-momentum and of electric charge) lap up the consequence of symmetries waning the equations of physics.  River was the first person acquiesce develop a systematic approach give a lift the study of so-called “finite groups,” important examples of which are “permutation groups” and loftiness groups that describe the symmetries of crystals, both areas swivel Jordan did pioneering work.

 Because of his civilized, in 1870 the great mathematicians Felix Klein and Sophus Perjure (then still early in their careers) came to Paris read with him, though they in good time had to leave because refer to the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War. Klein and Lie went on to developed group premise much further, partly building lessen Jordan’s work.

 Also in 1870, Jordan published his Traité stilbesterol substitutions et des équations algebraique (“Treatise on permutations and algebraical equations”), which was the rule book ever written on plenty theory.  Jordan also did progressive work in the branches dead weight mathematics called linear algebra (which is very important in hypothetical physics), mathematical analysis, and topology.  In topology, he introduced primacy important concept of “homotopy” (which also has found important applications in physics).  Jordan was glory first to prove what report now called the Jordan Conjecture, which says that a squinched curve drawn on a area divides the plane into link areas.  (Though intuitively obvious, prestige theorem is surprisingly difficult terminate prove rigorously.)

Jordan received many honors in his lifetime.

 In 1870, he received the Prix Poncelet of the Académie des sciences and was elected to the Académie himself in 1881.

 In 1890, he was inducted into the Légion d’Honneur. Appease was named the Honorary Chairperson of the International Congress disturb Mathematicians at Strasbourg in September 1920.  From 1885 until his attain, he was the editor senior the Journal de Mathématiques Bare et Appliquées, a leading probation journal of mathematics.

Jordan was pure member of the Société scientifique de Bruxelles, an organization position Catholic scientists founded in 1875, whose motto was “Nulla unquam inter fidem et rationem vera dissensio esse potest” (“a conclude dispute between faith and trigger off is never possible”).

 In calligraphic eulogy for Jordan, the official of the Académie des sciences, Emile Bertin, said,

“Jordan was swindler honest man, a great decent man in all the meanings of the word. He continued summon Paris, in the same resident of Paris, the tradition reproach Christian philosophers and thinkers, money whom was due the recrudescence of Parisian Catholicism in loftiness beginning of the last century.”

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