Venkataraman ramakrishnan biography of barack

British-American structural biologist (born 1952)

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (born 1952) is natty British-American structural biologist. He public the 2009 Nobel Prize back Chemistry with Thomas A. Steitz and Ada Yonath for evaluation on the structure and avail of ribosomes.^{[6][9][10][11]}

Since 1999, he has worked as a group commander at the Medical Research Synod (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Collection (LMB) on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus, UK and is ingenious Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.^{[12][13][14][15][16]} He served as President invoke the Royal Society from 2015 to 2020.^[17]

Education and early life

Ramakrishnan was born in 1952 uncover Chidambaram in Cuddalore district not later than Tamil Nadu, India.

His parents, Prof. C. V. Ramakrishnan reprove Prof. Rajalakshmi Ramakrishnan were both scientists,^[18][19] and his father was head of the department stare biochemistry at the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.^[1][20] At nobleness time of his birth, Ramakrishnan's father was away from Bharat doing postdoctoral research with King E.

Green at the Sanitarium of Wisconsin–Madison in the US.^[1] Ramakrishnan's mother obtained a PhD in psychology from McGill Custom in 1959,^[21] completing it notch only 18 months, and was mentored, among others, by Donald O. Hebb.^[1]

Ramakrishnan has one brother, his younger sister Lalita Ramakrishnan, who is professor of immunology and infectious diseases at illustriousness department of medicine, University hold sway over Cambridge,^[22] and a member sell the National Academy of Sciences.^[23]

Ramakrishnan moved to Vadodara (previously besides known as Baroda) in Province at the age of leash, where he had his comprehensive schooling at the Convent considerate Jesus and Mary, except ask for a year and a divided (1960–61) which he and fillet family spent in Adelaide, Land.

Following his pre-science at glory Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, he did his undergraduate studies in the same university natural environment a National Science Talent Reconsideration, graduating with a Bachelor pattern Science degree in physics unite 1971.^[10] At the time, authority physics course at Baroda was new, and based in garbage on the Berkeley Physics Course and The Feynman Lectures innocent person Physics.^[1]

Immediately after graduation he pompous to the US, where loosen up obtained his Doctor of Opinion degree in physics from River University in 1976 for trial into the ferroelectricphase transition hill potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP)^[24] protection by Tomoyasu Tanaka.^[3][25][26] Then proscribed spent two years studying biota as a graduate student decay the University of California, San Diego while making a modify from theoretical physics to biology.^[27]

Career and research

Ramakrishnan began work leave town ribosomes as a postdoctoral man with Peter Moore at Altruist University.^[10] After his postdoctoral copartnership, he initially could not come on a faculty position even notwithstanding he had applied to problem 50 universities in the Allied States.^[28][29]

He continued to work insults ribosomes from 1983 to 1995 as a staff scientist even Brookhaven National Laboratory.^[4]

In 1995, crystalclear moved to the University goods Utah as a professor doomed biochemistry, and in 1999, subside moved to his current phase at the Medical Research Assembly Laboratory of Molecular Biology fluky Cambridge, England, where he locked away also been a sabbatical company during 1991–92 on a Philanthropist Fellowship.^{[citation needed]}

In 1999, Ramakrishnan's lab published a 5.5 angstrom grit structure of the 30S rupee.

The following year, his lab determined the complete molecular composition of the 30S subunit take the ribosome and its complexes with several antibiotics. This was followed by studies that not up to scratch structural insights into the means that ensures the fidelity comprehend protein biosynthesis. In 2007, fillet laboratory determined the atomic shape of the whole ribosome touch a chord complex with its tRNA skull mRNA ligands.

Since 2013, unquestionable has used Cryogenic electron microscopy to work primarily on organism and mitochondrial translation.^[30][31] Ramakrishnan review also known for his gone and forgotten work on histone and chromatin structure.

As of 2019^[update] rule most cited papers (according perfect Google Scholar^[32]) have been publicized in Nature,^[33][34][35]Science,^[36][37] and Cell.^[38][39][40]

Ramakrishnan's word as president of the Be in touch Society from 2015-2020 was hag-ridden by Brexit and, in queen final year, the COVID-19 general and its response.^[41] In plug interview in July 2018, proscribed said that Britain's decision make available leave the European Union was hurting Britain's reputation as dinky good place to work serve science, commenting "It's very uncivilized for the science community test see any advantages in Brexit.

They are pretty blunt make happen that." He saw advantages communication both the UK and character EU for Britain to store to be engaged in Stargazer and Euratom, which, unlike description European Medicines Agency, are party EU agencies.^[42]

Ramakrishnan argued that far-out no-deal Brexit would harm skill. Ramakrishnan wrote, "A deal give something the onceover science is in the get the better of interests of Europe as efficient whole and should not excellence sacrificed as collateral damage ending disagreements on other issues.

Theorize we are going to in triumph tackle global problems like feeling change, human disease and refreshment security, we can't do like this in isolation. There is maladroit thumbs down d scenario where trashing our tradesman with our closest scientific collaborators in the EU gets admirable closer to these goals."^[43]

Awards celebrated honours

Ramakrishnan was elected a Participator of the European Molecular Accumulation Organization in 2002,^[44] a Double of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2003,^[45] and a Contributor of the U.S.

National Institution of Sciences in 2004.

In 2007, Ramakrishnan was awarded justness Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine^[7] last the Datta Lectureship and Honor of the Federation of Indweller Biochemical Societies (FEBS).

Ramakrishnan was awarded the Nobel Prize compel Chemistry in 2009, along cotton on Thomas A.

Steitz and Enzyme Yonath.^[46] He received India's above highest civilian honor, the Padma Vibhushan, in 2010.^[47]

In 2008, Ramakrishnan won the Heatley Medal grapple the British Biochemical Society, highest became a Fellow of Trine College, Cambridge and a alien Fellow of the Indian Steady Science Academy.

He has antiquated a member of the European Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and^[48] an Honorary Fellow of nobleness Academy of Medical Sciences (Hon FMedSci) since 2010.

He has received honorary degrees from say publicly Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, University of Utah, Ohio Tradition and University of Cambridge.

Settle down is also an Honorary Twin of Trinity College, Cambridge,^[49]Somerville Academy, Oxford,^[50] and The Queen's Academy, Oxford.^[51]

Ramakrishnan was knighted in description 2012 New Year Honours nurture services to molecular biology,^[5] on the other hand does not generally use say publicly title "Sir".

That same assemblage, he was awarded the Sir Hans Krebs Medal by significance FEBS. In 2014, he was awarded the XLVI Jiménez-Díaz Adore by the Fundación Conchita Rábago (Spain).

In 2017, Ramakrishnan conventional the Golden Plate Award cataclysm the American Academy of Achievement.^[52]

Ramakrishnan was included as one think likely 25 Greatest Global Living Indians by NDTV Channel, India resolution 14 December 2013.

His document of election to the Majestic Society reads:

Ramakrishnan is internationally recognised for determination of authority atomic structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit. Earlier he mapped the arrangement of proteins worry the 30S subunit by neutron diffraction and solved X-ray structures of individual components and their RNA complexes.

Fundamental insights came from his crystallographic studies clutch the complete 30S subunit. Loftiness atomic model included over 1500 bases of RNA and 20 associated proteins. The RNA interactions representing the P-sitetRNA and greatness mRNA binding site were firm and the likely modes reproduce action of many clinically stinging antibiotics determined.

His most brand-new work goes to the examine of the decoding mechanism show the 30S subunit complexed do faster poly-U mRNA and the stem-loop of the cognate phenylalanine tRNA. Anti-codon recognition leaves the "wobble" base free to accommodate appreciate non-Watson/Crick basepairs, thus providing brainstorm atomic description of both codon:anti-codon recognition and "wobble".

He has also made substantial contributions assortment understanding how chromatin is union, particularly the structure of linker histones and their role mop the floor with higher order folding.^[53]

In 2020, prohibited was elected to the Indweller Philosophical Society^[54] and became orderly board member of the Brits Library.^[55]

Ramakrishnan was made a Affiliate of the Order of Good (OM) in 2022.^[8]

Personal life

In 1975, Ramakrishnan married Vera Rosenberry, sketch author and illustrator of low-grade books.^[1] He has a step-daughter, Tanya Kapka, a physician specializing in public health and health-care delivery to under-served communities; extra a son, Raman Ramakrishnan, practised cellist specializing in chamber theme and professor at Bard Faculty in New York State.^[56]

Selected publications

• Why We Die: And How Miracle Live: The New Science corporeal Ageing and Longevity (2024)^[57]

• Gene Machine: The Race to Decipher birth Secrets of the Ribosome(2018)^[58]

References

External links